Which bones have trochanters

The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior and posterior surfaces of the condyles. The femur ossifies in cartilage. A center in the shaft appears in utero 8 th week and a center at the distal femur appears at birth end of 9 th fetal month with its presence a medicolegal evidence of maturity.

The distal portion is the growing end with its epiphysis uniting with the shaft after 20 years. A center appears in the femoral head at the age of 1, greater trochanter at 3, and lesser trochanter at 12 years.

These fuse with the shaft at about 18 years of age. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Updating… Please wait. Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again. Thank you for updating your details. Log In. Sign Up. Become a Gold Supporter and see no ads. Log in Sign up.

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Verify now. Toggle navigation. Institutional subscriptions support Language. Keep me signed in. Forgot your password? Sign in with Facebook. Sign in with Apple. Description The Greater Trochanter trochanter major; great trochanter is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence, situated at the junction of the neck with the upper part of the body. It is usually dull and aching but the outside of the hip can be quite tender to touch. Generally this causes most trouble at night when lying on the affected side — which is either not possible at all or only for a very short time.

Some individuals find they are unable to lie on the opposite side for any period — this position will also cause pain to arise in the affected hip. This nocturnal pain can cause major disruption to sleep and is often the main driving reason for seeking treatment. Pain can be present with sitting, particularly when driving for significant distances. When bad, pain can be present even with walking, stair climbing or any activities involving repetitive hip flexion and extension.

Examination of an individual with suspected TPS should include an observation of gait, palpation over affected site for the extent of tenderness, assessment of the range of motion of the hip noting painful positions and the strength of the various muscle groups supporting the hip, particularly the gluteal muscles.

A test for fascial tightness is very helpful and this maneouvre will often reproduce pain typical of TPS. Snapping of the fascia over the greater trochanter can often be demonstrated by the individual, if present. Radiological investigations are very helpful in determining the tissues involved and their pathologies in each case of TPS. Plain xrays are important for ruling out hip joint disease but also show any irregularities on the external surface of the greater trochanter, together with calcific deposits in the adjacent soft tissues and any local bone lesions within the trochanter itself.

Ultrasound is a popular investigation but does have significant limitations. It may reveal fluid in the trochanteric bursa and can demonstrate tendon pathology, but its diagnostic accuracy is variable.

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