Which presidents did kissinger serve

However, on November 3, , President Gerald R. Ford removed him from his National Security Adviser position while keeping him as Secretary of State. Kissinger was born as Heinz Alfred Kissinger in Germany. After the Nazis seized power, state sanctioned anti-Semitism made life for the Kissinger family, which was Jewish, very difficult. Army as a German interpreter. The writer Christopher Hitchens, for example, has castigated Kissinger for bombing Cambodia, endorsing the Indonesian occupation of East Timor and orchestrating the overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende.

Regardless of whether they praise or despise him, commentators agree that the current international order is the product of Kissinger's policies. As Kissinger himself put it, "Only rarely in history do statesmen find an environment in which all factors are so malleable; before us, I thought, was the chance to shape events, to build a new world, harnessing the energy and dreams of the American people and mankind's hopes.

Kissinger married philanthropist Nancy Maginnes in He has two children with his former wife, Ann Fleischer, whom he divorced in We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!

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Secretary of Defense. He is best known for helping lead the United States into the Vietnam War. Henri Cartier-Bresson was a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. Dwight D. The family settled in New York City, where Kissinger completed high school and began taking night classes at City College with the intention of becoming an accountant.

While attending college he worked at a factory during the day. During World War II —45; a war involving the United States and many other countries in the world in which millions of people lost their lives Kissinger joined the military and served in Germany, working in Army Intelligence.

He also became an American citizen during the war. In he returned to the United States and enrolled at Harvard University. He graduated in the class of with a degree in government.

He continued his studies as a graduate student, earning his master's degree in and his Ph. Between and Kissinger directed the Harvard International Seminar, a type of study in which advanced students, led by a professor, conduct research, share their findings, and contribute to discussions. The seminar was held during the summer months. In this position, he was visited by many international figures with whom he would later deal as a foreign-affairs official.

As part of the Council on Foreign Relations he published Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, which added to his reputation as a leading expert on international relations and national defense policy. For eighteen months beginning in he was director of a Rockefeller Brothers Fund special studies project—a program developed to investigate possible domestic and international problems.

In he became a lecturer public speaker at Harvard. He was promoted to professor in Kissinger served as a consultant one who gives professional advice to the National Security Council, to the Arms Control Disarmament Agency, and to the Rand Corporation. From to he worked full time at Harvard. In he became a consultant to the State Department on Vietnam.

He visited Vietnam several times between and Most of he spent working on the unsuccessful bid of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller — for the Republican nomination for the presidency. In , he was credited with the 'shuttle diplomacy' that eased tensions in the Middle East following the Yom Kippur War of between Israel and Egypt, and that led to the Sinai Accord, in which both sides agreed to renounce war as a means of settling their differences.

In , he left office and went to work at Georgetown University. In , President George W Bush appointed Kissinger to chair the independent inquiry into the intelligence failures that contributed to the terrorist attacks on the US in September He stepped down from the post after questions were raised about a possible conflict of interest between the nature of the inquiry and his personal stake in his political consulting firm.

Throughout his career, he has continued to write and lecture on foreign affairs and despite not serving at the highest levels of government for 25 years, still provokes controversy. Search term:.